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| birth_date = 1900 | birth_place = Odessa, Russian Empire | disappeared_date = August 1945 | disappeared_place = Manchukuo | nationality = Russian Soviet | other_names = | known_for = | spouse = Inna Lyushkova | children = 1 }} Genrikh Samoilovich Lyushkov ((ロシア語:Генрих Самойлович Люшков); 1900 – disappeared August 1945) was an officer in the Soviet secret police and its highest-ranking defector. His subsequent disappearance has been subject to controversy and speculation by journalists and scholars. ==Early life and secret-police career== Lyushkov was born in Odessa in the Russian Empire in 1900. His Jewish father supported him and his siblings as a tailor. He began his education in 1908 in a state-owned, six-classroom school, continuing there until 1915. While in school, he was influenced by his brother (a member of the Bolshevik underground) to join the Bolshevik Party and take part in the Russian Revolution several years later. In April 1919, he received political training in Kiev for the Ukrainian People's Republic. During his time in Kiev, the Russian Civil War broke out and, after his graduation in September of that year, he was assigned to the Bolshevik 14th Army for political work, where he saw combat against Poles and the White Russian forces of Anton Denikin. By this time, he was a fully-fledged political commissar and had received the Order of the Red Banner.〔 In November 1920 he joined the Cheka of Odessa, which became known for its ruthlessness and corruption after it recruited many criminals and ex-criminals.〔 He also served in Moscow and Ukraine. When the Cheka was disbanded and reformed into the GPU (the Государственное политическое управление НКВД РСФСР or "State Political Directorate"), Lyushkov rose even further. Around 1930, he carried out an industrial espionage assignment in Germany, where he monitored activities within the Junkers aviation company, bringing him the favour of Joseph Stalin. This led to his working again within the USSR, this time as a member of the NKVD (the Народный комиссариат внутренних дел or "People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs"). He was quickly transferred to preferential positions, such as his posting as the NKVD chief in the Azov-Black Sea region, as well as being awarded the Order of Lenin, "for exemplary performance of tasks of the Party and government."〔 He was also made a deputy of the Supreme Soviet and a member of the Central Committee. During the time of the Moscow Trials he was the one who led the interrogations of Zinoviev and Kamenev.〔 Later he earned a reputation as "an arrogant, arbitrary and sadistic bully ...." On 31 July 1937, he received his final posting, as the NKVD chief in the Russian Far East, where he had direct command over "20,000–30,000 élite NKVD troops." When he was given the post, he was, according to an interview with Japanese military officials, given personal orders to aid in the elimination of specific officials as a part of the Great Purge (a period in Soviet history when Joseph Stalin had many Soviet officials arrested and executed on a variety of charges): Vsevolod Balitsky (the former NKVD chief in the Far East, whom Lyushkov was replacing); Vasily Blyukher (a Marshal of the Soviet Union); and A. I. Lapin (the Far East Air Corps Commander). Balitsky, Blyukher, and Lapin all fell victim to the Great Purge; Balitsky's arrest and execution resulting from evidence gathered by Lyushkov, Blyukher arrest and subsequent death resulting from blame being assigned to him for Lyushkov's defection, and Lapin committing suicide while imprisoned. Prompted by his Japanese interrogators, Lyushkov gave one of the earliest explanations of the circumstances of the Great Purge, arguing that he had been merely appeasing Stalin and that he had no choice but to carry out his orders. According to Lyushkov's recollection, Balitsky had been arrested immediately upon Lyushkov's arrival in Khabarovsk and immediately sent to Moscow for trial and execution. However, his time in this post proved to be short. When the Great Purge was near its peak and NKVD boss Nikolai Yezhov was gradually losing power, Lyushkov received a summons to return to Moscow, but strongly suspected that this would mean his own arrest and execution. His own two predecessors in his post, Terenty Deribas and Balitsky, had both been purged, and Balitsky had been convicted based on information from Lyushkov himself, whom he had considered a friend.〔 By this time, Lyushkov had been promoted to "third-rank commissar of state security" (комиссар госбезопасности 3-го ранга) or "Commissar 3rd Class"; the approximate equivalent of a major-general in the Imperial Japanese Army. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Genrikh Lyushkov」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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